Real Estate 101
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What Constitutes Closing Costs?
Closing costs are expenses that cover fees associated with the transfer of property ownership, fees paid to state and local governments, and the costs of obtaining a mortgage loan. Some of these fees are negotiable, and could be paid by either the buyer or the seller. Some costs are one-time fees (non-recurring closing costs, such as title search, termite inspection, appraisal, etc.); while other fees such as homeowner’s insurance or property taxes are things you will expect to continue to pay on a regular basis as a homeowner.
As part of the loan selection process, your mortgage consultant should be giving you some idea of how much money you should have in reserve to cover your end of these costs. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) requires the lender to provide you with a Good Faith Estimate within three days of the submission of your loan application.
RESPA also states that as a home buyer, you have the legal right to request a copy of the HUD-1 Settlement Statement 24 hours before your closing is scheduled. The HUD-1 clearly defines all closing costs, including those that are to be paid by the buyer and the seller. It’s a good idea to have both of these forms before your closing so you can compare the estimated costs to the actual costs before you finalize your transaction. (Thank you Giuseppe Battaglioli with Fairway Independent Mortgage Corp.)
What is Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)?
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) is required by most lenders when a borrower puts less than 20% down on a purchase loan. Paid for by the borrower, PMI not only protects the lender from foreclosure, it also enables many buyers to qualify for loans and purchase real estate when they couldn’t have otherwise. On January 1st, 2007, legislation went into effect making PMI tax deductible for new borrowers whose personal adjusted gross income is $100,000 or less. This has created additional opportunities for many buyers to finance a more expensive home or, in some cases, to obtain a lower monthly payment, while reducing annual income taxes.
An alternative financing option that borrowers may also consider involves taking out two home loans concurrently. The second loan, commonly referred to as a “piggyback loan”, can take the form of a traditional home loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC). It supplements the borrower’s funds to help them achieve a 20% down payment, eliminating the need for PMI. However, in most cases PMI can be cancelled once the accumulated equity has reached 20% of the home’s value, while a second home loan will have to be paid back in full regardless. Factor in the new PMI tax benefit, and a borrower’s monthly payment may actually be lower with PMI versus a piggyback loan scenario. (Thank you Giuseppe Battaglioli with Fairway Independent Mortgage Corp.)